1. The following appeared in a memo from the mayor of the town of Hopewell.
"Two years ago, the town of Ocean View built a new municipal golf course and resort hotel. During the past two years, tourism in Ocean View has increased, new businesses have opened there, and Ocean View's tax revenues have risen by 30 percent. The best way to improve Hopewell's economy, and generate additional tax revenues, is to build a golf course and resort hotel similar to those in Ocean View."
2. The following appeared in a newspaper feature story.
"At the small, nonprofit hospital in the town of Saluda, the average length of a patient's stay is two days; at the large, for-profit hospital in the nearby city of Megaville, the average patient stay is six days. Also, the cure rate among patients in the Saluda hospital is about twice that of the Megaville hospital. The Saluda hospital has more employees per patient than the hospital in Megaville, and there are few complaints about service at the local hospital. Such data indicate that treatment in smaller, nonprofit hospitals is more economical and of better quality than treatment in larger, for-profit hospitals."
3. Thirteen years ago, researchers studied a group of 25 infants who showed signs of mild distress when exposed to unfamiliar stimuli such as an unusual odor or a tape recording of an unknown voice. They discovered that these infants were more likely than other infants to have been conceived in early autumn, a time when their mothers' production of melatonin — a hormone known to affect some brain functions — would naturally increase in response to decreased daylight. In a follow-up study conducted earlier this year, more than half of these children — now teenagers — who had shown signs of distress identified themselves as shy. Clearly, increased levels of melatonin before birth causeshyness during infancy and this shyness continues into later life.
Friday, September 18, 2009
ESSAY : ISSUE TOIPCS
1. People who pursue their own intellectual interests for purely personal reasons are more likely to benefit the rest of the world than are people who try to act for the public good.
2. Over the past century, the most significant contribution of technology has been to make people's lives more comfortable.
3. The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people.
4. The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten
5. The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusion that people in one period of time are significantly different from people who lived at any other time in history
6. Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society
7. The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its heroines
8. One can best understand the most important characteristics of a society by studying its major cities
2. Over the past century, the most significant contribution of technology has been to make people's lives more comfortable.
3. The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people.
4. The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten
5. The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusion that people in one period of time are significantly different from people who lived at any other time in history
6. Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society
7. The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its heroines
8. One can best understand the most important characteristics of a society by studying its major cities
HIGH FREQUENCY WORDS.
1. Mollify - To calm in temper or feeling; soothe; lessen in intensity; temper; reduce the rigidity of; soften; ease the anger or agitation of; cause to be more favorably inclined; gain the good will of; make more temperate, acceptable, or suitable by adding something else; moderate
2. Aphorism - A brief statement of a principle; a tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion; an adage
3. Pristine - Remaining in a pure state; uncorrupted by civilization. Remaining free from dirt or decay; clean
4. Blemish - To mar or impair by a flaw; imperfection that mars or impairs; a flaw or defect; spoil the soundness or perfection of; something that mars the appearance or causes inadequacy or failure; mark of discredit or disgrace; flaw, disfigure
5. Heinous - Grossly wicked or reprehensible; abominable: a heinous crime; horrifying, monstrous; very evil or wicked
6. Harangue - A long pompous speech, especially one delivered before a gathering; speech or piece of writing characterized by strong feeling or expression; a tirade; long, violent, or blustering speech, usually of censure or denunciation; speak in a loud, pompous, or prolonged manner; lecture; long passionate speech
7. Insipid - Lacking flavor or zest; not tasty; lacking qualities that excite, stimulate, or interest; dull
8. Inconspicuous - Not readily noticeable
9. Transience - The state or quality of being transient; temporariness; an impermanence that suggests the inevitability of ending or dying; the attribute of being brief or fleeting
10. Stoical - Indifference to pleasure or pain; impassiveness
11. Jubilation - The act of rejoicing; condition or feeling of being jubilant; celebration or other expression of joy; feeling of extreme joy; joyful occasion for special festivities to mark some happy event; utterance of sounds expressing great joy
12. Serpentine - Of or resembling a serpent, as in form or movement; sinuous; repeatedly curving in alternate directions; subtly sly and tempting; any of a group of greenish, brownish, or spotted minerals, Mg3Si2O5(OH)4, used as a source of magnesium and asbestos, and in architecture as a decorative stone
13. Impugn - To attack as false or questionable; challenge in argument; criticize, challenge
14. Allegory - The representation of abstract ideas or principles by characters, figures, or events in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form; a story, picture, or play employing such representation; a symbolic representation
15. Sumptuous - Of a size or splendor suggesting great expense; lavish; luxurious, splendid; rich and superior in quality
16. Bumptious - Crudely or loudly assertive; pushy; self-assertive offensively self-assertive
17. Myriad - Constituting a very large, indefinite number; innumerable; composed of numerous diverse elements or facets
18. Wax - Any of various natural, oily or greasy heat-sensitive substances, consisting of hydrocarbons or esters of fatty acids that are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents; resinous mixture used by shoemakers to rub on thread; phonograph record; to increase gradually in size, number, strength, or intensity; to show a progressively larger illuminated area, as the moon does in passing from new to full; to grow or become as specified
19. Castigate - To inflict severe punishment on; to criticize severely
20. Scant - Just sufficient; limit in quality or quantity; supply sparingly, with a meager allowance; work hastily or carelessly; deal with inadequately and superficially; less than the correct or legal or full amount often deliberately
21. Euphoria - A feeling of great happiness or well-being; extreme happiness; high spirits
22. Heresy - A controversial or unorthodox opinion or doctrine, as in politics, philosophy, or science; adherence to such controversial or unorthodox opinion; unorthodoxy
23. Lethargic - Of, causing, or characterized by lethargy; lazy, sluggish; deficient in alertness or activity
24. Misanthrope - One who hates or mistrusts humankind; person who expects only the worst from people; person who hates others
25. Afflatus - A strong creative impulse, especially as a result of divine inspiration; divine guidance and motivation imparted directly; a creative impulse, an inspiration
26. Gibberish - Unintelligible or nonsensical talk or writing; nonsense talk
27. Hagiography - Biography of saints; worshipful or idealizing biography
28. Disconsolate - Seeming beyond consolation; extremely dejected; cheerless; gloomy; depressed, unhappy29. Chimera - A fantastic, impracticable plan or desire; dream, fantasy
30. Yokel - An uneducated country person; clumsy, unsophisticated person; a rustic; a bumpkin
31. Countenance - Appearance, especially the expression of the face; face or facial features; look or expression indicative of encouragement or of moral support; give sanction or support to; tolerate or approve; disposition of the facial features that conveys meaning, feeling, or mood
32. Intermittent - Stopping and starting at intervals; alternately containing and empty of water; irregular, sporadic; happening or appearing now and then
33. Inkling - A slight hint or indication; a slight understanding or vague idea or notion; a subtle quality underlying or felt to underlie a situation, action, or person
34. Pulchritude - Great physical beauty and appeal; physical beauty (especially of a woman)
35. Gully - A deep ditch or channel cut in the earth by running water after a prolonged downpour; to wear a deep ditch or channel in; deep ditch cut by running water
36. Fustian - A coarse sturdy cloth made of cotton and flax; pretentious speech or writing; pompous language; pompous, bombastic, and ranting
37. Lubricant - A substance, such as grease or oil, that reduces friction when applied as a surface coating to moving parts; one that helps reduce difficulty or conflict; a substance capable of reducing friction by making surfaces smooth or slippery
38. Reify - To regard or treat (an abstraction) as if it had concrete or material existence; interpretation of an abstract idea or concept, such as the state, as real or concrete; consider an abstract concept to be real39. Awry - In a position that is turned or twisted toward one side; askew; away from the correct course; amiss
40. Euphemism - The act or an example of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive; use or an instance of equivocal language; polite term
41. Friction - A state of disagreement and disharmony; the resistance to movement as one object is moved across the other, usually creating heat; conflict or animosity caused by a clash of wills, temperaments, or opinions; the action of one surface or object rubbing against another
42. Prodigal - Rashly or wastefully extravagant; giving or given in abundance; lavish or profuse; wasteful; a recklessly extravagant consumer
43. Rescind - To make void; repeal or annul; declare void; take back or remove
44. Penurious - Unwilling to spend money; stingy; yielding little; barren; poverty-stricken; destitute; mean; poor; ungenerously or pettily reluctant to spend money
45. Altruism - Unselfish concern for the welfare of others; selflessness; kindly, charitable interest in others; service to others without thinking of one's self
46. Spartan - Resolute in the face of pain or danger or adversity; unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment; practicing great self-denial; austere; laconic; simple
47. Fragile - Easily broken, damaged, or destroyed; frail; lacking physical or emotional strength; delicate; tenuous or flimsy; breakable, dainty
48. Impeccable - Having no flaws; perfect; incapable of sin or wrongdoing; above suspicion; flawless; supremely excellent in quality or nature
49. Exude - To ooze forth; to discharge or emit (a liquid or gas, for example) gradually; to exhibit in abundance; to flow or leak out or emit something slowly; display, emit
50. Profuse - Plentiful; copious; given freely and abundantly; extravagant; abundant, excessive; produced or growing in extreme abundance
51. Rib - One of a series of long curved bones occurring in 12 pairs in humans and extending from the spine to or toward the sternum; tease or mock good-humoredly; any of the curved transverse pieces of metal or timber in a ship, extending up from the keel and forming part of the framework of the hull
52. Loquacious - Talkative; garrulous
53. Ignominy - Great personal dishonor or humiliation; shameful or disgraceful action, conduct, or character; loss of or damage to one's reputation; shame
54. Detrimental - Causing damage or harm; injurious; damaging, disadvantageous
55. Proscribe - To denounce or condemn; to prohibit; forbid; banish or outlaw (a person); exclude
56. Trespass - Unlawful entry or possession of property; invasion, offense; infringe, offend; enter forcibly or illegally: break in; violate a moral or divine law
57. Lamentation - The passionate and demonstrative activity of expressing grief; a cry of sorrow and grief
58. Rapacious - Taking by force; plundering; greedy; ravenous; subsisting on live prey; grasping; having an insatiable appetite for an activity or pursuit
59. Tranquil - Free from disturbance or agitation; quiet, peaceful
60. Buoyant - Having the ability to float; light in weight; lighthearted; gay
61. Misdemeanor - A misdeed; breaking of the law that is less serious than a felony; minor crime, punishable by a fine or a light jail term
62. Exonerate - To free from blame; free from a responsibility, obligation, or task; excuse, clear of responsibility or blame
63. Preeminent - Superior to or notable above all others; outstanding; far beyond what is usual, normal, or customary; greatest in importance or degree or significance or achievement
64. Digression - The act of digressing; deviation; straying
65. Tendentious - Marked by a strong implicit point of view; partisan; having or marked by a strong tendency especially a controversial one; bias
66.Plethora - A superabundance; an excess; excess of blood in the circulatory system or in one organ or area; condition of going or being beyond what is needed, desired, or appropriate
67. Roil - To make (a liquid) muddy or cloudy by stirring up sediment; displease or disturb; vex; be in a state of turbulence or agitation; make turbid by stirring up the sediments of
68. Digress- To turn aside, especially from the main subject in writing or speaking; stray
69. Heretical - Of or relating to heresy or heretics; characterized by, revealing, or approaching departure from established beliefs or standards; unorthodox; characterized by departure from accepted beliefs or standards
70. Meld - To declare or display (a card or combination of cards in a hand) for inclusion in one's score in various card games, such as pinochle; a form of rummy using two decks and four jokers; jokers and deuces are wild; the object is to meld groups of seven of the same rank; announce for a score; of cards in a card game; lose its distinct outline or shape; blend gradually;mix together different elements; cause to merge; bring or come together into a united whole;
71. Fretwork - Ornamental work consisting of three-dimensional frets; geometric openwork; design of short bars or lines fitted together
72. Panegyric - A formal eulogistic composition intended as a public compliment. Elaborate praise or laudation; an encomium
73. Beguile - To deceive by guile; delude; take away from by or as if by guile; cheat; distract the attention of; divert; pass (time) pleasantly; amuse or charm; delight; charm; deceive; draw notice or interest by charm
74. Obloquy - Harsh, often insulting language; loss of or damage to one's reputation; vilification
75. Veneer - A thin surface layer, as of finely grained wood, glued to a base of inferior material; thin layer of costly material put over a common material; deceptive outward appearance; give a deceptively attractive appearance to; pretence, front; cover, overlay
76. Pertinacious - Holding tenaciously to a purpose, belief, opinion, or course of action; stubbornly or perversely persistent; determined; stubbornly unyielding or tenacious in purpose; persevering; difficult to alleviate or cure
77. Dabbler - One who engages in an activity superficially or without serious intent; one lacking professional skill and ease in a particular pursuit; amateur; an amateur who engages in an activity without serious intentions and who pretends to have knowledge; any of numerous shallow-water ducks that feed by upending and dabbling
2. Aphorism - A brief statement of a principle; a tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion; an adage
3. Pristine - Remaining in a pure state; uncorrupted by civilization. Remaining free from dirt or decay; clean
4. Blemish - To mar or impair by a flaw; imperfection that mars or impairs; a flaw or defect; spoil the soundness or perfection of; something that mars the appearance or causes inadequacy or failure; mark of discredit or disgrace; flaw, disfigure
5. Heinous - Grossly wicked or reprehensible; abominable: a heinous crime; horrifying, monstrous; very evil or wicked
6. Harangue - A long pompous speech, especially one delivered before a gathering; speech or piece of writing characterized by strong feeling or expression; a tirade; long, violent, or blustering speech, usually of censure or denunciation; speak in a loud, pompous, or prolonged manner; lecture; long passionate speech
7. Insipid - Lacking flavor or zest; not tasty; lacking qualities that excite, stimulate, or interest; dull
8. Inconspicuous - Not readily noticeable
9. Transience - The state or quality of being transient; temporariness; an impermanence that suggests the inevitability of ending or dying; the attribute of being brief or fleeting
10. Stoical - Indifference to pleasure or pain; impassiveness
11. Jubilation - The act of rejoicing; condition or feeling of being jubilant; celebration or other expression of joy; feeling of extreme joy; joyful occasion for special festivities to mark some happy event; utterance of sounds expressing great joy
12. Serpentine - Of or resembling a serpent, as in form or movement; sinuous; repeatedly curving in alternate directions; subtly sly and tempting; any of a group of greenish, brownish, or spotted minerals, Mg3Si2O5(OH)4, used as a source of magnesium and asbestos, and in architecture as a decorative stone
13. Impugn - To attack as false or questionable; challenge in argument; criticize, challenge
14. Allegory - The representation of abstract ideas or principles by characters, figures, or events in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form; a story, picture, or play employing such representation; a symbolic representation
15. Sumptuous - Of a size or splendor suggesting great expense; lavish; luxurious, splendid; rich and superior in quality
16. Bumptious - Crudely or loudly assertive; pushy; self-assertive offensively self-assertive
17. Myriad - Constituting a very large, indefinite number; innumerable; composed of numerous diverse elements or facets
18. Wax - Any of various natural, oily or greasy heat-sensitive substances, consisting of hydrocarbons or esters of fatty acids that are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents; resinous mixture used by shoemakers to rub on thread; phonograph record; to increase gradually in size, number, strength, or intensity; to show a progressively larger illuminated area, as the moon does in passing from new to full; to grow or become as specified
19. Castigate - To inflict severe punishment on; to criticize severely
20. Scant - Just sufficient; limit in quality or quantity; supply sparingly, with a meager allowance; work hastily or carelessly; deal with inadequately and superficially; less than the correct or legal or full amount often deliberately
21. Euphoria - A feeling of great happiness or well-being; extreme happiness; high spirits
22. Heresy - A controversial or unorthodox opinion or doctrine, as in politics, philosophy, or science; adherence to such controversial or unorthodox opinion; unorthodoxy
23. Lethargic - Of, causing, or characterized by lethargy; lazy, sluggish; deficient in alertness or activity
24. Misanthrope - One who hates or mistrusts humankind; person who expects only the worst from people; person who hates others
25. Afflatus - A strong creative impulse, especially as a result of divine inspiration; divine guidance and motivation imparted directly; a creative impulse, an inspiration
26. Gibberish - Unintelligible or nonsensical talk or writing; nonsense talk
27. Hagiography - Biography of saints; worshipful or idealizing biography
28. Disconsolate - Seeming beyond consolation; extremely dejected; cheerless; gloomy; depressed, unhappy29. Chimera - A fantastic, impracticable plan or desire; dream, fantasy
30. Yokel - An uneducated country person; clumsy, unsophisticated person; a rustic; a bumpkin
31. Countenance - Appearance, especially the expression of the face; face or facial features; look or expression indicative of encouragement or of moral support; give sanction or support to; tolerate or approve; disposition of the facial features that conveys meaning, feeling, or mood
32. Intermittent - Stopping and starting at intervals; alternately containing and empty of water; irregular, sporadic; happening or appearing now and then
33. Inkling - A slight hint or indication; a slight understanding or vague idea or notion; a subtle quality underlying or felt to underlie a situation, action, or person
34. Pulchritude - Great physical beauty and appeal; physical beauty (especially of a woman)
35. Gully - A deep ditch or channel cut in the earth by running water after a prolonged downpour; to wear a deep ditch or channel in; deep ditch cut by running water
36. Fustian - A coarse sturdy cloth made of cotton and flax; pretentious speech or writing; pompous language; pompous, bombastic, and ranting
37. Lubricant - A substance, such as grease or oil, that reduces friction when applied as a surface coating to moving parts; one that helps reduce difficulty or conflict; a substance capable of reducing friction by making surfaces smooth or slippery
38. Reify - To regard or treat (an abstraction) as if it had concrete or material existence; interpretation of an abstract idea or concept, such as the state, as real or concrete; consider an abstract concept to be real39. Awry - In a position that is turned or twisted toward one side; askew; away from the correct course; amiss
40. Euphemism - The act or an example of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive; use or an instance of equivocal language; polite term
41. Friction - A state of disagreement and disharmony; the resistance to movement as one object is moved across the other, usually creating heat; conflict or animosity caused by a clash of wills, temperaments, or opinions; the action of one surface or object rubbing against another
42. Prodigal - Rashly or wastefully extravagant; giving or given in abundance; lavish or profuse; wasteful; a recklessly extravagant consumer
43. Rescind - To make void; repeal or annul; declare void; take back or remove
44. Penurious - Unwilling to spend money; stingy; yielding little; barren; poverty-stricken; destitute; mean; poor; ungenerously or pettily reluctant to spend money
45. Altruism - Unselfish concern for the welfare of others; selflessness; kindly, charitable interest in others; service to others without thinking of one's self
46. Spartan - Resolute in the face of pain or danger or adversity; unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment; practicing great self-denial; austere; laconic; simple
47. Fragile - Easily broken, damaged, or destroyed; frail; lacking physical or emotional strength; delicate; tenuous or flimsy; breakable, dainty
48. Impeccable - Having no flaws; perfect; incapable of sin or wrongdoing; above suspicion; flawless; supremely excellent in quality or nature
49. Exude - To ooze forth; to discharge or emit (a liquid or gas, for example) gradually; to exhibit in abundance; to flow or leak out or emit something slowly; display, emit
50. Profuse - Plentiful; copious; given freely and abundantly; extravagant; abundant, excessive; produced or growing in extreme abundance
51. Rib - One of a series of long curved bones occurring in 12 pairs in humans and extending from the spine to or toward the sternum; tease or mock good-humoredly; any of the curved transverse pieces of metal or timber in a ship, extending up from the keel and forming part of the framework of the hull
52. Loquacious - Talkative; garrulous
53. Ignominy - Great personal dishonor or humiliation; shameful or disgraceful action, conduct, or character; loss of or damage to one's reputation; shame
54. Detrimental - Causing damage or harm; injurious; damaging, disadvantageous
55. Proscribe - To denounce or condemn; to prohibit; forbid; banish or outlaw (a person); exclude
56. Trespass - Unlawful entry or possession of property; invasion, offense; infringe, offend; enter forcibly or illegally: break in; violate a moral or divine law
57. Lamentation - The passionate and demonstrative activity of expressing grief; a cry of sorrow and grief
58. Rapacious - Taking by force; plundering; greedy; ravenous; subsisting on live prey; grasping; having an insatiable appetite for an activity or pursuit
59. Tranquil - Free from disturbance or agitation; quiet, peaceful
60. Buoyant - Having the ability to float; light in weight; lighthearted; gay
61. Misdemeanor - A misdeed; breaking of the law that is less serious than a felony; minor crime, punishable by a fine or a light jail term
62. Exonerate - To free from blame; free from a responsibility, obligation, or task; excuse, clear of responsibility or blame
63. Preeminent - Superior to or notable above all others; outstanding; far beyond what is usual, normal, or customary; greatest in importance or degree or significance or achievement
64. Digression - The act of digressing; deviation; straying
65. Tendentious - Marked by a strong implicit point of view; partisan; having or marked by a strong tendency especially a controversial one; bias
66.Plethora - A superabundance; an excess; excess of blood in the circulatory system or in one organ or area; condition of going or being beyond what is needed, desired, or appropriate
67. Roil - To make (a liquid) muddy or cloudy by stirring up sediment; displease or disturb; vex; be in a state of turbulence or agitation; make turbid by stirring up the sediments of
68. Digress- To turn aside, especially from the main subject in writing or speaking; stray
69. Heretical - Of or relating to heresy or heretics; characterized by, revealing, or approaching departure from established beliefs or standards; unorthodox; characterized by departure from accepted beliefs or standards
70. Meld - To declare or display (a card or combination of cards in a hand) for inclusion in one's score in various card games, such as pinochle; a form of rummy using two decks and four jokers; jokers and deuces are wild; the object is to meld groups of seven of the same rank; announce for a score; of cards in a card game; lose its distinct outline or shape; blend gradually;mix together different elements; cause to merge; bring or come together into a united whole;
71. Fretwork - Ornamental work consisting of three-dimensional frets; geometric openwork; design of short bars or lines fitted together
72. Panegyric - A formal eulogistic composition intended as a public compliment. Elaborate praise or laudation; an encomium
73. Beguile - To deceive by guile; delude; take away from by or as if by guile; cheat; distract the attention of; divert; pass (time) pleasantly; amuse or charm; delight; charm; deceive; draw notice or interest by charm
74. Obloquy - Harsh, often insulting language; loss of or damage to one's reputation; vilification
75. Veneer - A thin surface layer, as of finely grained wood, glued to a base of inferior material; thin layer of costly material put over a common material; deceptive outward appearance; give a deceptively attractive appearance to; pretence, front; cover, overlay
76. Pertinacious - Holding tenaciously to a purpose, belief, opinion, or course of action; stubbornly or perversely persistent; determined; stubbornly unyielding or tenacious in purpose; persevering; difficult to alleviate or cure
77. Dabbler - One who engages in an activity superficially or without serious intent; one lacking professional skill and ease in a particular pursuit; amateur; an amateur who engages in an activity without serious intentions and who pretends to have knowledge; any of numerous shallow-water ducks that feed by upending and dabbling
ANTONYM WORDLIST -A
abeyance - continuance
abjure – espouse, pledge
abrogate – institute, enact
abstemious - self-indulgent
abstruse - obvious
acarpous - fecund
accolade - disapprobation
acerbity - sweetness
acquiescence - rebellion
acquit - convict
acrimonious - harmonious
adhere – detach
admonition - countenance
adroit – unskillful, awkward
adulterate - purify
adulteration - purification
adversity - prosperity
affiliation - dissociation
alacrity - hesitance, slowness
alienate - harmonize
alleviate - exacerbate
aloof - gregarious
altruism - miserliness
altruistic - selfish
amalgamate - separate
amalgamate - separate
amass - separate
ambiguous - clear
amelioration – deterioration, worsening
amenable - intractable
amicable - unfriendly
amorphous – structured, definite
amplify – decrease, simplify
anathema – benediction, blessing
anathematize - bless
ancillary - principal
anemic - red-blooded
anodyne - irritating presence
anomalous - usual
anomaly - regularity
anonymous - signed
antediluvian - modern
antipathy - fondness
antithesis - similarity
aplomb - confusion
apostate - loyalist
appease - agitate
apposite - inappropriate
apprehend - set free
apropos - untimely
aptitude - lack of talent
archaic - new
arrant - partial
arrhythmic - exhibiting regularity
artifice – sincerity, candor
artisan - unskilled laborer
artlessness - cunning
ascend - go down
asceticism - indulgence
aseptic - contaminated
askew - straight
aspersions - flattery
asset - liability
assuaged - unsatisfied
asteroid - large planet
astute - foolish
attenuate - thicken
atypical - normal
authentic - bogus
autonomous - dependent
avarice - generosity
aver - deny
aversion - affinity
avid - loath
awry - straight
abjure – espouse, pledge
abrogate – institute, enact
abstemious - self-indulgent
abstruse - obvious
acarpous - fecund
accolade - disapprobation
acerbity - sweetness
acquiescence - rebellion
acquit - convict
acrimonious - harmonious
adhere – detach
admonition - countenance
adroit – unskillful, awkward
adulterate - purify
adulteration - purification
adversity - prosperity
affiliation - dissociation
alacrity - hesitance, slowness
alienate - harmonize
alleviate - exacerbate
aloof - gregarious
altruism - miserliness
altruistic - selfish
amalgamate - separate
amalgamate - separate
amass - separate
ambiguous - clear
amelioration – deterioration, worsening
amenable - intractable
amicable - unfriendly
amorphous – structured, definite
amplify – decrease, simplify
anathema – benediction, blessing
anathematize - bless
ancillary - principal
anemic - red-blooded
anodyne - irritating presence
anomalous - usual
anomaly - regularity
anonymous - signed
antediluvian - modern
antipathy - fondness
antithesis - similarity
aplomb - confusion
apostate - loyalist
appease - agitate
apposite - inappropriate
apprehend - set free
apropos - untimely
aptitude - lack of talent
archaic - new
arrant - partial
arrhythmic - exhibiting regularity
artifice – sincerity, candor
artisan - unskilled laborer
artlessness - cunning
ascend - go down
asceticism - indulgence
aseptic - contaminated
askew - straight
aspersions - flattery
asset - liability
assuaged - unsatisfied
asteroid - large planet
astute - foolish
attenuate - thicken
atypical - normal
authentic - bogus
autonomous - dependent
avarice - generosity
aver - deny
aversion - affinity
avid - loath
awry - straight
GRE ANTONYM SAMPLE TEST
Following are some GRE sample antonyms questions.
ABOMINATE :
loathe
despise
adore
abhor
attach
Ans : C
OBSEQUIOUS :
servile
first
fawning
supercilious
improper
Ans : D
OROTUND :
not resonant
not reddish
not eager
pompous
loud
Ans : A
RECANT :
entangle
rescue
fail
assert
predict
Ans : D
UPBRAID :
defer
vacillate
sever
conjoin
laud
Ans : E
PLENITUDE :
luxury
magnificence
richness
contentment
scarcity
Ans : E
SCURRILOUS :
decent
savage
major
volatile
scabby
Ans : A
FULMINATION :
praise
repetition
escape
ratification
addition
Ans : A
DISTEND
deteriorate
weaken
constrict
concentrate
fold
Ans : C
TOUT
cast aspersions on
deny the relevance of
placate
withhold consent
misrepresent
Ans : E
SQUALID
fervid
florid
pristine
extraneous
abundant
Ans : C
SCOTCH
renovate
entrust
unfasten
encourage
emphasize
Ans : D
PERFIDY
tact
generosity
thoroughness
loyalty
gratitude
Ans : D
OUTLANDISH
conventional
prolific
unchanging
transparent
noticeable
Ans : A
PLUMB
reversed
lofty
horizontal
thin
light
Ans : C
FERVID
undistinguished
unexpected
stubborn
restrained
discouraged
Ans : D
VACUITY
quality
certainty
plenitude
stability
incontinence
Ans : C
RAVEL
knit
omit
remain silent
measure
increase in value
Ans : A
PERSISTENCE
irrelevance
inconstancy
inequality
intemperance
incompetence.
Ans : B
SUBROSA
openly
fashionably
under the owse
simply
clandestinely
Ans : A
INVIDIOUS :
candid
stubborn
defensive
hostile
inoffensive
Ans : E
MACERATE :
cover by painting
assess by observing
harden by drying
influence by lying
cure by medicating
Ans : B
SKEPTICISM :
reason
conviction
plausibility
audricty
argument
Ans : D
IGNOMINIOUS :
scholarly
incognito
laudatory
disgraceful
erudite
Ans : B
CODA :
creflain
crescendo
prelude
improvisation
solo
Ans : A
PALTRY :
farm
scanty
excessive
friendly
benevolent
Ans : A
PUISSANCE :
strength
knowledge
liberality
skepticism
powerlessness
Ans : E
MANUMIT :
print
impress
enslave
fail
endeavor
Ans : D
GENUFLECT :
pronounce correctly
falsify
trick
stand erect
project
Ans : E
INNOCUOUS :
toxic
large
sober
impeccable
spotless
Ans : C
ANIMOSITY
parody
retardation
sincerity
refutation
canaraderie
Ans : E
INVETERATE
uninvited
illiterate
cumulative
beginning
incompetent
Ans : D
SCOTCH
renovate
encourage
entrust
ameliorate
Ans : B
PREDILECTION
ambiguity
unwillingness to choose
desire to please
propensity to dislike
stereotype
Ans : D
CHOLERIC
good-natured
spoiled
irascible
immune
idiotic.
Ans : A
EXACERBATE
contemplate
bewilder
reward
better
horify
Ans : D
EQUANIMITY
clamour
volume
disparity
agitation
caution
Ans : D
ANIMADVERSION
gullibility
precision
praise
sobriety
criticize
Ans : C
EXHUME
enter
fertilize
inter
decay
clarify
Ans : C
CALLOW
rustic
crude
exquisite
experienced
migratory
Ans : D
CUPIDITY
generosity
love
anxiety
entertainment
tragedy.
Ans : A
ANIMOSITY
parody
retardation
sincerity
refutation
canaraderie
Ans : B
INVETERATE
uninvited
illiterate
cumulative
beginning
incompetent
Ans : A
SATURNINE :
quick
genial
heavy
distinguished
devout
Ans : E
PERSPICACIOUS :
Insufficiently precise
of indefinite duration
dull wilted
lacking intrinsic value
condemnatory
Ans : D
INCARCERATE :
summon
assist
liberate
anticipate
confide
Ans : C
INSOLVENCY :
ability to sustain growth
concentration
coherence
ability to pay one’s debts
compatibility
Ans : D
EFFLUVIA :
controlled reactions
predictable results
important examples
descried products
relevant theories
Ans : C
APPOSITE :
parallel
synonymous
hostile
inappropriate
vague
Ans : D
GRATUITOUS :
frank
pithy
warranted
frugal
ingenuous
Ans : A
PREFATORY :
intelligent
outstanding
predatory
conclusive
magnificent
Ans : E
CONCILIATE :
arrive
appeal
retaliate
estrange
lie
Ans : B
SUBSERVIENT :
fawning
obsequious
miserly
omnipresent
haughty
Ans : C
VAUNTED :
berated
belittled
lauded
wicked
worried
Ans : C
QUOTA :
Anonymous remark
decisive action
debatable issue
unlimited number
irrelevant topic
Ans : D
CONTENTIOUS :
satisfied
pacific
hungry
bellicose
dissatisfied
Ans : D
OBLOQUY :
fame
name
inquiry
shame
collogue
Ans : D
PENCHANT :
distaste
scabbard
agreement
earring
beginning
Ans : C
BALEFUL :
empty
tasty
gaudy
full
congenial
Ans : D
CURT :
contractual
precise
honest
voluble
peremptory
Ans : D
INVIDIOUS :
candid
stubborn
defensive
hostile
inoffensive
Ans : E
INNOCUOUS :
toxic
large
sober
impeccable
spotless
Ans : C
BAROQUE :
rococo
simple
common
stupid
boat like
Ans : B
MYOPIC :
blind
moral
visionary
farsighted
glassy
Ans : C
NASCENT :
loyal
fading
unnamed
treacherous
reoccuring
Ans : C
LOLL :
describe exactly
insist strongly
comply readily
notice incidentally
move vigorously
Ans : E
TURBULENCE :
immunity
tranquility
meditation
moderation
co - ordination
Ans : E
BANAL :
inclined
faithful
elaborate
forced
arresting
Ans : C
GERMINAL
sterilized
strategic
fully developed
primitive
excused .
Ans : D
GASCONADE
modesty
transparency
seizure
cleanliness
imposture
Ans : A
MIASMA
scenario
summing up
noxious fumes
fragrant aroma
benevolent
Ans : B
OPPORTUNIST
Man of principle
fatalist
fledgling
colleague
foe.
Ans : D
CENSURE
uncertainity
encomium
criticism
legal contual
matrimony
Ans : B
COMMODIOUS
product
space
cramped
company
roomy.
Ans : E
EFFRONTERY
modesty
confrontation
avoidance
shamelessness
impudence
Ans : B
OBSTREPEROUS
noisy
defiant
permeable
quiet
stubborn
Ans : E
PACIFY
ameliorate
patchup
truce
tormented
agitated
Ans : C
AMBIGUOUS
confusing
lucid
desirous
obfuscate
pun
Ans : A
MILITANT
Dramatic
combative
religious
pacific
quaint.
Ans : D
MOTILITY :
static
tension
ascent
liquidity
vulnerability
Ans : A
SINUOUS :
wet
vacant
numerous
direct
round
Ans : D
PLUMB :
reversed
horizontal
light
lofty
thin
Ans : B
SEGMENT:
inflate
affix
keep still
make whole
cleanse
Ans : D
OSSIFY :
reassemble fragments
overlook problems
create consensus
placate critics
transcend conventions
Ans : E
RAVEL :
increase in value
omit
remain silent
measure
knit
Ans : E
CALUMINATE :
vindicate
supplant
rejuvenate
follow
familiarize
Ans : A
TURPITUDE :
pragmatism
probity
judiciousness
animation
determinedness
Ans : B
INVECTIVE :
willing compliance
normality
restoration
fertility
laudatory words
Ans : E
PILLORY :
lament
foster
exalt
enjoy
forgive
Ans : C
UNTOWARD :
experienced
inevitable
industrious
straight forward
favourable
Ans : E
ABOMINATE :
loathe
despise
adore
abhor
attach
Ans : C
OBSEQUIOUS :
servile
first
fawning
supercilious
improper
Ans : D
OROTUND :
not resonant
not reddish
not eager
pompous
loud
Ans : A
RECANT :
entangle
rescue
fail
assert
predict
Ans : D
UPBRAID :
defer
vacillate
sever
conjoin
laud
Ans : E
PLENITUDE :
luxury
magnificence
richness
contentment
scarcity
Ans : E
SCURRILOUS :
decent
savage
major
volatile
scabby
Ans : A
FULMINATION :
praise
repetition
escape
ratification
addition
Ans : A
DISTEND
deteriorate
weaken
constrict
concentrate
fold
Ans : C
TOUT
cast aspersions on
deny the relevance of
placate
withhold consent
misrepresent
Ans : E
SQUALID
fervid
florid
pristine
extraneous
abundant
Ans : C
SCOTCH
renovate
entrust
unfasten
encourage
emphasize
Ans : D
PERFIDY
tact
generosity
thoroughness
loyalty
gratitude
Ans : D
OUTLANDISH
conventional
prolific
unchanging
transparent
noticeable
Ans : A
PLUMB
reversed
lofty
horizontal
thin
light
Ans : C
FERVID
undistinguished
unexpected
stubborn
restrained
discouraged
Ans : D
VACUITY
quality
certainty
plenitude
stability
incontinence
Ans : C
RAVEL
knit
omit
remain silent
measure
increase in value
Ans : A
PERSISTENCE
irrelevance
inconstancy
inequality
intemperance
incompetence.
Ans : B
SUBROSA
openly
fashionably
under the owse
simply
clandestinely
Ans : A
INVIDIOUS :
candid
stubborn
defensive
hostile
inoffensive
Ans : E
MACERATE :
cover by painting
assess by observing
harden by drying
influence by lying
cure by medicating
Ans : B
SKEPTICISM :
reason
conviction
plausibility
audricty
argument
Ans : D
IGNOMINIOUS :
scholarly
incognito
laudatory
disgraceful
erudite
Ans : B
CODA :
creflain
crescendo
prelude
improvisation
solo
Ans : A
PALTRY :
farm
scanty
excessive
friendly
benevolent
Ans : A
PUISSANCE :
strength
knowledge
liberality
skepticism
powerlessness
Ans : E
MANUMIT :
impress
enslave
fail
endeavor
Ans : D
GENUFLECT :
pronounce correctly
falsify
trick
stand erect
project
Ans : E
INNOCUOUS :
toxic
large
sober
impeccable
spotless
Ans : C
ANIMOSITY
parody
retardation
sincerity
refutation
canaraderie
Ans : E
INVETERATE
uninvited
illiterate
cumulative
beginning
incompetent
Ans : D
SCOTCH
renovate
encourage
entrust
ameliorate
Ans : B
PREDILECTION
ambiguity
unwillingness to choose
desire to please
propensity to dislike
stereotype
Ans : D
CHOLERIC
good-natured
spoiled
irascible
immune
idiotic.
Ans : A
EXACERBATE
contemplate
bewilder
reward
better
horify
Ans : D
EQUANIMITY
clamour
volume
disparity
agitation
caution
Ans : D
ANIMADVERSION
gullibility
precision
praise
sobriety
criticize
Ans : C
EXHUME
enter
fertilize
inter
decay
clarify
Ans : C
CALLOW
rustic
crude
exquisite
experienced
migratory
Ans : D
CUPIDITY
generosity
love
anxiety
entertainment
tragedy.
Ans : A
ANIMOSITY
parody
retardation
sincerity
refutation
canaraderie
Ans : B
INVETERATE
uninvited
illiterate
cumulative
beginning
incompetent
Ans : A
SATURNINE :
quick
genial
heavy
distinguished
devout
Ans : E
PERSPICACIOUS :
Insufficiently precise
of indefinite duration
dull wilted
lacking intrinsic value
condemnatory
Ans : D
INCARCERATE :
summon
assist
liberate
anticipate
confide
Ans : C
INSOLVENCY :
ability to sustain growth
concentration
coherence
ability to pay one’s debts
compatibility
Ans : D
EFFLUVIA :
controlled reactions
predictable results
important examples
descried products
relevant theories
Ans : C
APPOSITE :
parallel
synonymous
hostile
inappropriate
vague
Ans : D
GRATUITOUS :
frank
pithy
warranted
frugal
ingenuous
Ans : A
PREFATORY :
intelligent
outstanding
predatory
conclusive
magnificent
Ans : E
CONCILIATE :
arrive
appeal
retaliate
estrange
lie
Ans : B
SUBSERVIENT :
fawning
obsequious
miserly
omnipresent
haughty
Ans : C
VAUNTED :
berated
belittled
lauded
wicked
worried
Ans : C
QUOTA :
Anonymous remark
decisive action
debatable issue
unlimited number
irrelevant topic
Ans : D
CONTENTIOUS :
satisfied
pacific
hungry
bellicose
dissatisfied
Ans : D
OBLOQUY :
fame
name
inquiry
shame
collogue
Ans : D
PENCHANT :
distaste
scabbard
agreement
earring
beginning
Ans : C
BALEFUL :
empty
tasty
gaudy
full
congenial
Ans : D
CURT :
contractual
precise
honest
voluble
peremptory
Ans : D
INVIDIOUS :
candid
stubborn
defensive
hostile
inoffensive
Ans : E
INNOCUOUS :
toxic
large
sober
impeccable
spotless
Ans : C
BAROQUE :
rococo
simple
common
stupid
boat like
Ans : B
MYOPIC :
blind
moral
visionary
farsighted
glassy
Ans : C
NASCENT :
loyal
fading
unnamed
treacherous
reoccuring
Ans : C
LOLL :
describe exactly
insist strongly
comply readily
notice incidentally
move vigorously
Ans : E
TURBULENCE :
immunity
tranquility
meditation
moderation
co - ordination
Ans : E
BANAL :
inclined
faithful
elaborate
forced
arresting
Ans : C
GERMINAL
sterilized
strategic
fully developed
primitive
excused .
Ans : D
GASCONADE
modesty
transparency
seizure
cleanliness
imposture
Ans : A
MIASMA
scenario
summing up
noxious fumes
fragrant aroma
benevolent
Ans : B
OPPORTUNIST
Man of principle
fatalist
fledgling
colleague
foe.
Ans : D
CENSURE
uncertainity
encomium
criticism
legal contual
matrimony
Ans : B
COMMODIOUS
product
space
cramped
company
roomy.
Ans : E
EFFRONTERY
modesty
confrontation
avoidance
shamelessness
impudence
Ans : B
OBSTREPEROUS
noisy
defiant
permeable
quiet
stubborn
Ans : E
PACIFY
ameliorate
patchup
truce
tormented
agitated
Ans : C
AMBIGUOUS
confusing
lucid
desirous
obfuscate
pun
Ans : A
MILITANT
Dramatic
combative
religious
pacific
quaint.
Ans : D
MOTILITY :
static
tension
ascent
liquidity
vulnerability
Ans : A
SINUOUS :
wet
vacant
numerous
direct
round
Ans : D
PLUMB :
reversed
horizontal
light
lofty
thin
Ans : B
SEGMENT:
inflate
affix
keep still
make whole
cleanse
Ans : D
OSSIFY :
reassemble fragments
overlook problems
create consensus
placate critics
transcend conventions
Ans : E
RAVEL :
increase in value
omit
remain silent
measure
knit
Ans : E
CALUMINATE :
vindicate
supplant
rejuvenate
follow
familiarize
Ans : A
TURPITUDE :
pragmatism
probity
judiciousness
animation
determinedness
Ans : B
INVECTIVE :
willing compliance
normality
restoration
fertility
laudatory words
Ans : E
PILLORY :
lament
foster
exalt
enjoy
forgive
Ans : C
UNTOWARD :
experienced
inevitable
industrious
straight forward
favourable
Ans : E
HIGH FREQUENCY WORDS
1. Buoyant - Having the ability to float; light in weight; lighthearted; gay
2. Rabid - Affected by rabies
3. Hirsute - Covered with hair; hairy; having a hairy covering; shaggy
4. Fiscal - Of or relating to government expenditures, revenues, and debt; relating to finance or finances; having to do with money matters
5. Quibble - One who quibbles; a caviler; also, a punster; person who finds fault, often severely and willfully; a disputant who quibbles; someone who raises annoying petty objections
6. Obliterate - To do away with completely so as to leave no trace; to wipe out, rub off, or erase; to remove completely (a body organ or part), as by surgery, disease, or radiation
7. Ostracize - To exclude from a group; to exclude from normal social or professional activities; to force to leave a country or place by official decree; exile, banish; to put into public disfavor
8. Malady - An unwholesome condition; a disease, a disorder, or an ailment
9. Conifer - Trees and shrubs that produce cones, such as pines; any of various mostly needle-leaved or scale-leaved, chiefly evergreen, cone-bearing gymnospermous trees or shrubs such as pines, spruces, and firs
10. Unadulterated - Not mingled or diluted with extraneous matter; pure; not mixed with impurities; produced by nature; not artificial or man made
11. Hubris - Overbearing pride or presumption; arrogance
12. Impecunious - Lacking money; penniless
13. Abate - To lessen; to subside; grow or cause to grow less, lessen; reduce in amount, degree, or intensity; deduct from an amount; subtract; make void; fall off in degree or intensity; subside
14. Disconsolate - Seeming beyond consolation; extremely dejected; cheerless; gloomy; depressed, unhappy
15. Caveat - A warning or caution; qualification or explanation; formal notice filed by an interested party with a court or officer, requesting the postponement of a proceeding until the filer is heard; qualify with a warning or clarification; advice to beware, as of a person or thing
16. Heresy - A controversial or unorthodox opinion or doctrine, as in politics, philosophy, or science; adherence to such controversial or unorthodox opinion; unorthodoxy
17. Pervasive - Having the quality or tendency to pervade or permeate; spreading throughout; extending; suffusing
18. Harangue - A long pompous speech, especially one delivered before a gathering; speech or piece of writing characterized by strong feeling or expression; a tirade; long, violent, or blustering speech, usually of censure or denunciation; speak in a loud, pompous, or prolonged manner; lecture; long passionate speech
19. Gruffness - A throaty harshness; an abrupt discourteous manner
20. Thwart - To prevent the occurrence, realization, or attainment of; oppose and defeat the efforts, plans, or ambitions of; seat across a boat on which a rower may sit; prevent from accomplishing a purpose; stop, hinder; obstruct
21. Scalawag - reprobate; a rascal; a white Southerner working for or supporting the federal government during Reconstruction; one who is playfully mischievous; a person who does harm to others
22. Addendum - Something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book; something included at a later date
23. Libertine - One who acts without moral restraint; a dissolute person; who defies established religious precepts; a freethinker; morally unrestrained; dissolute; licentious; philanderer; an immoral person
24. Restrictive - Of or relating to restriction; tending or serving to restrict; limiting; relating to, or being a subordinate clause or phrase that identifies the noun, phrase, or clause it modifies and limits or restricts its meaning; serving to restrict; (of tariff) protective of national interests by restricting imports
25. Epitomic - A brief presentation or statement of something; a summary of a written work; a typical or ideal example; brief or miniature form
26. Lionize - To look on or treat (a person) as a celebrity; treat as a famous person
27. Exanimate - Lifeless; dead; to deprive of life or spirit; destitute of animation; spiritless; disheartened; deprive of animation or of life; deprived of life
28. Ineluctable - Not to be avoided or escaped; inevitable; certain; impossible to avoid or evade 28. Proscribe - To denounce or condemn; to prohibit; forbid; banish or outlaw (a person); exclude
29. Vivify - To give or bring life to; animate; to make more lively, intense, or striking; to make alive
30. Sturdy - Strong and hardy; having or showing rugged physical strength; substantially made or built; stout; marked by resoluteness or determination; firm; vigorous or robust; solid, durable; capable of exerting considerable effort or of withstanding considerable stress or hardship; not easily moved or shaken
31. Innocuous - Having no adverse effect; harmless; not likely to offend or provoke to strong emotion; insipid; devoid of hurtful qualities; lacking the qualities requisite for spiritedness and originality
32. Encipher - To put (a message, for example) into cipher; convert plain text into unintelligible form by means of a cipher system
33. Swarthy - Having a dark complexion or color; of a complexion tending toward brown or black; dark-complexioned
34. Concur - To be of the same opinion; agree; act together; cooperate; occur at the same time; coincide; converge; meet; approve, to agree
35. Luculent - Easily understood; clear or lucid; (of language) transparently clear; easily understandable
36. Procrastinate - To put off doing something, especially out of habitual carelessness or laziness; postpone or delay needlessly; delay, put off doing
37. Repudiate - To refuse to recognize or acknowledge; reject; turn one's back on; disown 38. Stoical - Seemingly indifferent to or unaffected by pleasure or pain; impassive; seemingly indifferent to emotions
39. Boastful - Characterized by or given to boasting; exhibiting self-importance
40. Mollify - To calm in temper or feeling; soothe; lessen in intensity; temper; reduce the rigidity of; soften; ease the anger or agitation of; cause to be more favorably inclined; gain the good will of; make more temperate, acceptable, or suitable by adding something else; moderate
41. Phlegmatic - Showing little emotion; without emotion or interest; having or suggesting a calm, sluggish temperament; unemotional; of or relating to phlegm;
42. Stultify - To render useless or ineffectual; cripple; to cause to appear stupid, inconsistent, or ridiculous; prove to be of unsound mind or demonstrate someone's incompetence; cause to appear foolish; deprive of strength or efficiency; make useless or worthless
43. Lachrymose - Weeping or inclined to weep;
44. Ostensive - Seeming or professed; ostensiblearful; manifestly demonstrative; represented or appearing as such; pretended; appearing as such but not necessarily so
45. Collude - To act together secretly to achieve a fraudulent, illegal, or deceitful purpose; conspire; work out a secret plan to achieve an evil or illegal end; act in unison or agreement and in secret towards a deceitful or illegal purpose
46. Servile - Abjectly submissive; slavish; acting like a slave; groveling, subservient; excessively eager to serve or obey; of or relating to servitude or forced labor
47. Euphemism - The act or an example of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive; use or an instance of equivocal language; polite term
48. Immutable - Not subject or susceptible to change; incapable of changing or being modified; unchangeable
49. Bedecked - To adorn or ornament in a showy fashion; furnish with decorations; decorate
50. Fealty - The fidelity owed by a vassal to his feudal lord. The oath of such fidelity
51. Meandering - Rambling; winding
52. Wary - On guard; watchful; characterized by caution; vigilantly attentive; trying attentively to avoid danger, risk, or error; careful, cautious; openly distrustful and unwilling to confide
53. Postern - A small rear gate, especially one in a fort or castle; situated in the back or at the side; minor gate or door in the defensive wall of a town or fortification
54. Decrepit - Weakened, worn out, impaired, or broken down by old age, illness, or hard use; deteriorated, debilitated; broken down with age; worn out; not physically strong; showing signs of wear and tear or neglect
55. Indelible - Impossible to remove, erase, or wash away; permanent; unable to be forgotten; memorable; indestructible; cannot be removed, washed away or erased
56. Perturbation - The state of being perturbed; agitation; small change in a physical system; state of discomposure; upset, unsettle
57. Soporific - Inducing or tending to induce sleep; drowsy; drug or other substance that induces sleep; a hypnotic; sleepy; sleep-inducing
58. Ennui - Listlessness and dissatisfaction resulting from lack of interest; boredom; condition of being bored
59. Brat - A child, especially a spoiled or ill-mannered one; child of a career military person; spoiled child
60. Corpulent - Excessively fat; having too much flesh; chubby
61. Spartan - Resolute in the face of pain or danger or adversity; unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment; practicing great self-denial; austere; laconic; simple
62. Tortuous - Not straightforward; highly involved or intricate; very twisted; complicated; having or marked by repeated turns or bends; winding or twisting; repeatedly curving in alternate directions
63. Modicum - A small, moderate, or token amount
64. Accolade - An expression of approval; praise; special acknowledgment; an award; ceremonial embrace, as of greeting or salutation; ceremonial bestowal of knighthood; recognition; ornamental treatment, used over an arch, a door, or a window, composed of two curves meeting in the middle; often a richly decorated molding; approval
65. Cognizant - Fully informed; conscious
66. Fretwork - Ornamental work consisting of three-dimensional frets; geometric openwork; design of short bars or lines fitted together
67. Aphid - Any of various small, soft-bodied insects of the family Aphididae that have mouth parts specially adapted for piercing and feed by sucking sap from plants; A small sucking insect that feeds primarily on new soft growth
68. Trenchancy - Irony or bitterness, as of tone; keenness and forcefulness of thought or expression or intellect
69. Gauche - Lacking social polish; tactless; unsophisticated; lacking social grace
70. Assail - To attack with or as if with violent blows; assault; attack verbally, as with ridicule or censure; attack someone physically or emotionally; launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities with, as in warfare
71. Lethargic - Of, causing, or characterized by lethargy; lazy, sluggish; deficient in alertness or activity
72. Salubrious - Conducive or favorable to health or well-being; health-giving; healthful, nutritious
73. Suave - Smoothly agreeable and courteous; charming, smooth; effortlessly gracious and tactful in social manner
74. Boast - To glorify oneself in speech; statement that suggests praise of oneself; talk in a self-admiring way; shape or form (stone) roughly with a broad chisel
75. Chaotic - Characterized by physical confusion; completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing; lacking a visible order or organization
76. Massive - Very large and solid; large or imposing, as in quantity, scope, degree, intensity, or scale; lacking internal crystalline structure; amorphous
77. Cacophonous - Having a harsh, unpleasant sound; discordant; having an unpleasant sound 78. Animadversion - Strong criticism; a critical or censorious remark; harsh criticism or disapproval
79. Hapless - Luckless; unfortunate; involving or undergoing chance misfortune
80. Buttress - A means or device that keeps something erect, stable, or secure; present evidence in support of; support, bolster; support built to strengthen a wall
81. Extant - Still in existence; not destroyed, lost, or extinct; standing out; projecting; in existence; occurring or existing in act or fact: actual
82. Exalt - To raise in rank, character, or status; elevate; glorify, praise, or honor; increase the effect or intensity of; heighten; fill with sublime emotion; elate; promote, praise 83. Drake - A male duck; mayfly used as fishing bait
84. Cogent - Appealing to the intellect or powers of reasoning; convincing; effectiveness
85. Omnipotent - Having unlimited or universal power, authority, or force; all-powerful
86. Garrulous - Given to excessive and often trivial or rambling talk; tiresomely talkative; wordy and rambling; talkative
87. Skullduggery - Crafty deception or trickery or an instance of it; verbal misrepresentation intended to take advantage of you in some way
88. Demoralized - To undermine the confidence or morale of; dishearten; put into disorder; confuse; corrupt, pervert
89. Reinforce - To make more effective; strengthen; strengthen (a military force) with additional personnel or equipment; increase the number or amount of; augment
90. Misanthrope - One who hates or mistrusts humankind; person who expects only the worst from people; person who hates others
91. Spurious - Lacking authenticity or validity in essence or origin; not genuine; false; of illegitimate birth; similar in appearance but unlike in structure or function; counterfeit, fake; fraudulently or deceptively imitative
92. Prostrate - Lying prone, or with the head to the ground; flat, horizontal; helpless; tired, worn; fall on knees; submit; overwhelm; wear out; put or throw flat with the face down, as in submission or adoration; reduce to extreme weakness or incapacitation; overcome
93. Pelf - Wealth or riches, especially when dishonestly acquired
94. Obeisance - A gesture or movement of the body, such as a curtsy, that expresses deference or homage; great respect or high public esteem accorded as a right or as due; salutation, curtsy 95. Excavate - To remove by digging or scooping out; break, turn over, or remove (earth or sand, for example) with or as if with a tool
96. Proffer - To offer for acceptance; tender; act of proffering; an offer; put before another for acceptance; suggest, offer
97. Adamant - Impervious to pleas, appeals, or reason; stubbornly unyielding; stone once believed to be impenetrable in its hardness; extremely hard substance; hard like rock; unyielding; mineral frequently found beneath a corset. soluble in solicitate of gold; unbreakable 98. Isthmus - A narrow strip of land connecting two larger masses of land; narrow piece of land with water on each side
99. Quell - To put down forcibly; suppress; pacify; quiet; bring to an end forcibly as if by imposing a heavy weight: choke off; alleviate, calm; defeat, suppress 100. Malfunction - To fail to work as it should; breakdown, failure
101. Fluvial - Of, relating to, or inhabiting a river or stream; produced by the action of a river or stream; of or relating to or happening in a river
102. Intriguing - To engage in secret or underhand schemes; plot; arouse the interest or curiosity of; work out a secret plan to achieve an evil or illegal end
103. Fretwork - Ornamental work consisting of three-dimensional frets; geometric openwork; design of short bars or lines fitted together
104. Gregarious - Seeking and enjoying the company of others; sociable
105. Choreograph - To plan out or oversee the movement, development, or details of; orchestrate; to specialize in choreography; compose a sequence of dance steps to music; plan and oversee the development and details of
106. Founder - To sink below the surface of the water; fail utterly; collapse; stumble, especially to stumble and go lame; become ill from overeating; who establishes something or formulates the basis for something
2. Rabid - Affected by rabies
3. Hirsute - Covered with hair; hairy; having a hairy covering; shaggy
4. Fiscal - Of or relating to government expenditures, revenues, and debt; relating to finance or finances; having to do with money matters
5. Quibble - One who quibbles; a caviler; also, a punster; person who finds fault, often severely and willfully; a disputant who quibbles; someone who raises annoying petty objections
6. Obliterate - To do away with completely so as to leave no trace; to wipe out, rub off, or erase; to remove completely (a body organ or part), as by surgery, disease, or radiation
7. Ostracize - To exclude from a group; to exclude from normal social or professional activities; to force to leave a country or place by official decree; exile, banish; to put into public disfavor
8. Malady - An unwholesome condition; a disease, a disorder, or an ailment
9. Conifer - Trees and shrubs that produce cones, such as pines; any of various mostly needle-leaved or scale-leaved, chiefly evergreen, cone-bearing gymnospermous trees or shrubs such as pines, spruces, and firs
10. Unadulterated - Not mingled or diluted with extraneous matter; pure; not mixed with impurities; produced by nature; not artificial or man made
11. Hubris - Overbearing pride or presumption; arrogance
12. Impecunious - Lacking money; penniless
13. Abate - To lessen; to subside; grow or cause to grow less, lessen; reduce in amount, degree, or intensity; deduct from an amount; subtract; make void; fall off in degree or intensity; subside
14. Disconsolate - Seeming beyond consolation; extremely dejected; cheerless; gloomy; depressed, unhappy
15. Caveat - A warning or caution; qualification or explanation; formal notice filed by an interested party with a court or officer, requesting the postponement of a proceeding until the filer is heard; qualify with a warning or clarification; advice to beware, as of a person or thing
16. Heresy - A controversial or unorthodox opinion or doctrine, as in politics, philosophy, or science; adherence to such controversial or unorthodox opinion; unorthodoxy
17. Pervasive - Having the quality or tendency to pervade or permeate; spreading throughout; extending; suffusing
18. Harangue - A long pompous speech, especially one delivered before a gathering; speech or piece of writing characterized by strong feeling or expression; a tirade; long, violent, or blustering speech, usually of censure or denunciation; speak in a loud, pompous, or prolonged manner; lecture; long passionate speech
19. Gruffness - A throaty harshness; an abrupt discourteous manner
20. Thwart - To prevent the occurrence, realization, or attainment of; oppose and defeat the efforts, plans, or ambitions of; seat across a boat on which a rower may sit; prevent from accomplishing a purpose; stop, hinder; obstruct
21. Scalawag - reprobate; a rascal; a white Southerner working for or supporting the federal government during Reconstruction; one who is playfully mischievous; a person who does harm to others
22. Addendum - Something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book; something included at a later date
23. Libertine - One who acts without moral restraint; a dissolute person; who defies established religious precepts; a freethinker; morally unrestrained; dissolute; licentious; philanderer; an immoral person
24. Restrictive - Of or relating to restriction; tending or serving to restrict; limiting; relating to, or being a subordinate clause or phrase that identifies the noun, phrase, or clause it modifies and limits or restricts its meaning; serving to restrict; (of tariff) protective of national interests by restricting imports
25. Epitomic - A brief presentation or statement of something; a summary of a written work; a typical or ideal example; brief or miniature form
26. Lionize - To look on or treat (a person) as a celebrity; treat as a famous person
27. Exanimate - Lifeless; dead; to deprive of life or spirit; destitute of animation; spiritless; disheartened; deprive of animation or of life; deprived of life
28. Ineluctable - Not to be avoided or escaped; inevitable; certain; impossible to avoid or evade 28. Proscribe - To denounce or condemn; to prohibit; forbid; banish or outlaw (a person); exclude
29. Vivify - To give or bring life to; animate; to make more lively, intense, or striking; to make alive
30. Sturdy - Strong and hardy; having or showing rugged physical strength; substantially made or built; stout; marked by resoluteness or determination; firm; vigorous or robust; solid, durable; capable of exerting considerable effort or of withstanding considerable stress or hardship; not easily moved or shaken
31. Innocuous - Having no adverse effect; harmless; not likely to offend or provoke to strong emotion; insipid; devoid of hurtful qualities; lacking the qualities requisite for spiritedness and originality
32. Encipher - To put (a message, for example) into cipher; convert plain text into unintelligible form by means of a cipher system
33. Swarthy - Having a dark complexion or color; of a complexion tending toward brown or black; dark-complexioned
34. Concur - To be of the same opinion; agree; act together; cooperate; occur at the same time; coincide; converge; meet; approve, to agree
35. Luculent - Easily understood; clear or lucid; (of language) transparently clear; easily understandable
36. Procrastinate - To put off doing something, especially out of habitual carelessness or laziness; postpone or delay needlessly; delay, put off doing
37. Repudiate - To refuse to recognize or acknowledge; reject; turn one's back on; disown 38. Stoical - Seemingly indifferent to or unaffected by pleasure or pain; impassive; seemingly indifferent to emotions
39. Boastful - Characterized by or given to boasting; exhibiting self-importance
40. Mollify - To calm in temper or feeling; soothe; lessen in intensity; temper; reduce the rigidity of; soften; ease the anger or agitation of; cause to be more favorably inclined; gain the good will of; make more temperate, acceptable, or suitable by adding something else; moderate
41. Phlegmatic - Showing little emotion; without emotion or interest; having or suggesting a calm, sluggish temperament; unemotional; of or relating to phlegm;
42. Stultify - To render useless or ineffectual; cripple; to cause to appear stupid, inconsistent, or ridiculous; prove to be of unsound mind or demonstrate someone's incompetence; cause to appear foolish; deprive of strength or efficiency; make useless or worthless
43. Lachrymose - Weeping or inclined to weep;
44. Ostensive - Seeming or professed; ostensiblearful; manifestly demonstrative; represented or appearing as such; pretended; appearing as such but not necessarily so
45. Collude - To act together secretly to achieve a fraudulent, illegal, or deceitful purpose; conspire; work out a secret plan to achieve an evil or illegal end; act in unison or agreement and in secret towards a deceitful or illegal purpose
46. Servile - Abjectly submissive; slavish; acting like a slave; groveling, subservient; excessively eager to serve or obey; of or relating to servitude or forced labor
47. Euphemism - The act or an example of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive; use or an instance of equivocal language; polite term
48. Immutable - Not subject or susceptible to change; incapable of changing or being modified; unchangeable
49. Bedecked - To adorn or ornament in a showy fashion; furnish with decorations; decorate
50. Fealty - The fidelity owed by a vassal to his feudal lord. The oath of such fidelity
51. Meandering - Rambling; winding
52. Wary - On guard; watchful; characterized by caution; vigilantly attentive; trying attentively to avoid danger, risk, or error; careful, cautious; openly distrustful and unwilling to confide
53. Postern - A small rear gate, especially one in a fort or castle; situated in the back or at the side; minor gate or door in the defensive wall of a town or fortification
54. Decrepit - Weakened, worn out, impaired, or broken down by old age, illness, or hard use; deteriorated, debilitated; broken down with age; worn out; not physically strong; showing signs of wear and tear or neglect
55. Indelible - Impossible to remove, erase, or wash away; permanent; unable to be forgotten; memorable; indestructible; cannot be removed, washed away or erased
56. Perturbation - The state of being perturbed; agitation; small change in a physical system; state of discomposure; upset, unsettle
57. Soporific - Inducing or tending to induce sleep; drowsy; drug or other substance that induces sleep; a hypnotic; sleepy; sleep-inducing
58. Ennui - Listlessness and dissatisfaction resulting from lack of interest; boredom; condition of being bored
59. Brat - A child, especially a spoiled or ill-mannered one; child of a career military person; spoiled child
60. Corpulent - Excessively fat; having too much flesh; chubby
61. Spartan - Resolute in the face of pain or danger or adversity; unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment; practicing great self-denial; austere; laconic; simple
62. Tortuous - Not straightforward; highly involved or intricate; very twisted; complicated; having or marked by repeated turns or bends; winding or twisting; repeatedly curving in alternate directions
63. Modicum - A small, moderate, or token amount
64. Accolade - An expression of approval; praise; special acknowledgment; an award; ceremonial embrace, as of greeting or salutation; ceremonial bestowal of knighthood; recognition; ornamental treatment, used over an arch, a door, or a window, composed of two curves meeting in the middle; often a richly decorated molding; approval
65. Cognizant - Fully informed; conscious
66. Fretwork - Ornamental work consisting of three-dimensional frets; geometric openwork; design of short bars or lines fitted together
67. Aphid - Any of various small, soft-bodied insects of the family Aphididae that have mouth parts specially adapted for piercing and feed by sucking sap from plants; A small sucking insect that feeds primarily on new soft growth
68. Trenchancy - Irony or bitterness, as of tone; keenness and forcefulness of thought or expression or intellect
69. Gauche - Lacking social polish; tactless; unsophisticated; lacking social grace
70. Assail - To attack with or as if with violent blows; assault; attack verbally, as with ridicule or censure; attack someone physically or emotionally; launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities with, as in warfare
71. Lethargic - Of, causing, or characterized by lethargy; lazy, sluggish; deficient in alertness or activity
72. Salubrious - Conducive or favorable to health or well-being; health-giving; healthful, nutritious
73. Suave - Smoothly agreeable and courteous; charming, smooth; effortlessly gracious and tactful in social manner
74. Boast - To glorify oneself in speech; statement that suggests praise of oneself; talk in a self-admiring way; shape or form (stone) roughly with a broad chisel
75. Chaotic - Characterized by physical confusion; completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing; lacking a visible order or organization
76. Massive - Very large and solid; large or imposing, as in quantity, scope, degree, intensity, or scale; lacking internal crystalline structure; amorphous
77. Cacophonous - Having a harsh, unpleasant sound; discordant; having an unpleasant sound 78. Animadversion - Strong criticism; a critical or censorious remark; harsh criticism or disapproval
79. Hapless - Luckless; unfortunate; involving or undergoing chance misfortune
80. Buttress - A means or device that keeps something erect, stable, or secure; present evidence in support of; support, bolster; support built to strengthen a wall
81. Extant - Still in existence; not destroyed, lost, or extinct; standing out; projecting; in existence; occurring or existing in act or fact: actual
82. Exalt - To raise in rank, character, or status; elevate; glorify, praise, or honor; increase the effect or intensity of; heighten; fill with sublime emotion; elate; promote, praise 83. Drake - A male duck; mayfly used as fishing bait
84. Cogent - Appealing to the intellect or powers of reasoning; convincing; effectiveness
85. Omnipotent - Having unlimited or universal power, authority, or force; all-powerful
86. Garrulous - Given to excessive and often trivial or rambling talk; tiresomely talkative; wordy and rambling; talkative
87. Skullduggery - Crafty deception or trickery or an instance of it; verbal misrepresentation intended to take advantage of you in some way
88. Demoralized - To undermine the confidence or morale of; dishearten; put into disorder; confuse; corrupt, pervert
89. Reinforce - To make more effective; strengthen; strengthen (a military force) with additional personnel or equipment; increase the number or amount of; augment
90. Misanthrope - One who hates or mistrusts humankind; person who expects only the worst from people; person who hates others
91. Spurious - Lacking authenticity or validity in essence or origin; not genuine; false; of illegitimate birth; similar in appearance but unlike in structure or function; counterfeit, fake; fraudulently or deceptively imitative
92. Prostrate - Lying prone, or with the head to the ground; flat, horizontal; helpless; tired, worn; fall on knees; submit; overwhelm; wear out; put or throw flat with the face down, as in submission or adoration; reduce to extreme weakness or incapacitation; overcome
93. Pelf - Wealth or riches, especially when dishonestly acquired
94. Obeisance - A gesture or movement of the body, such as a curtsy, that expresses deference or homage; great respect or high public esteem accorded as a right or as due; salutation, curtsy 95. Excavate - To remove by digging or scooping out; break, turn over, or remove (earth or sand, for example) with or as if with a tool
96. Proffer - To offer for acceptance; tender; act of proffering; an offer; put before another for acceptance; suggest, offer
97. Adamant - Impervious to pleas, appeals, or reason; stubbornly unyielding; stone once believed to be impenetrable in its hardness; extremely hard substance; hard like rock; unyielding; mineral frequently found beneath a corset. soluble in solicitate of gold; unbreakable 98. Isthmus - A narrow strip of land connecting two larger masses of land; narrow piece of land with water on each side
99. Quell - To put down forcibly; suppress; pacify; quiet; bring to an end forcibly as if by imposing a heavy weight: choke off; alleviate, calm; defeat, suppress 100. Malfunction - To fail to work as it should; breakdown, failure
101. Fluvial - Of, relating to, or inhabiting a river or stream; produced by the action of a river or stream; of or relating to or happening in a river
102. Intriguing - To engage in secret or underhand schemes; plot; arouse the interest or curiosity of; work out a secret plan to achieve an evil or illegal end
103. Fretwork - Ornamental work consisting of three-dimensional frets; geometric openwork; design of short bars or lines fitted together
104. Gregarious - Seeking and enjoying the company of others; sociable
105. Choreograph - To plan out or oversee the movement, development, or details of; orchestrate; to specialize in choreography; compose a sequence of dance steps to music; plan and oversee the development and details of
106. Founder - To sink below the surface of the water; fail utterly; collapse; stumble, especially to stumble and go lame; become ill from overeating; who establishes something or formulates the basis for something
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